Planetary Sciences

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Climatology

The scientific study of climates, including the causes and long-term effects of variation in regional and global climates. Climatology also studies how climate changes over time and is affected by human actions.

Geology

The study of a planet's physical history, including the composition and formation of rocks of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it is undergoing over time.

Hydrology

The study of the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of water on or in the atmosphere of a planetary body.

Mineralogy

The science of minerals; deals with the study of their atomic structure and their general physical and chemical properties.

Oceanography

The study of oceanic phenomena. This field often overlaps with biological, physical, and geological sciences.

Planetology

The study of planetary development within a given solar system. Within the Federation a standardized system of Planetary Classification is used in planetological research.

Volcanology

The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity. This field often includes the study of planetary cores and plate techtonics.

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